Greek Women in The Odyssey :: Homer

The women in The Odyssey are a fair representation of women in ancient Greek culture. In his work, Homer brings forth women of different prestige. First there are the goddesses, then genus Penelope, and lastly the servant girls. Each of the three factions forms an important part of The Odyssey and helps us nip into what women were like in ancient Greece.The role that the housemaids play in The Odyssey is that of servitude. They are expected to serve the suitors and put up with their rude demeanor. During the course of the ten historic period that the suitors are there, some(prenominal) of the housemaids sleep with them. Upon returning to Ithica, and slaughtering the suitors, Odysseus makes the housemaids who slept with the suitors clean up their dead bodies. After this he hangs them by the neck, with this gesture he indirectly calls them harlots. This indicates one of many tactile propertyings toward women of that time.Then there is Odysseus wife, Penelope. She is depicted as an individual. Homer makes her character appear as very clever and also very loyal. Never once during Odysseus 20 years of absence does she remarry. She tolerates the suitors in her home for ten years but never chooses, always with the hope that her first husband, Odysseus, will return. Homer also makes her come along clever when she gets all of the suitors to bring her gifts before she chooses one knowing that they are in a short supply of resources. In another pillow slip he portrays her as clever in the way that she keeps the suitor away by weaving the tunic for Odysseus and secretly taking it apart every night. The role Penelope plays is very important because she is seen as a person, not a possession. Finally, there are the goddesses. They represent women in all their glory. They are very human-like in that they feel the same emotions like jealousy, anger, pride, revenge, excitement, joy, compassion, etc. The exception being that they have supernatural powers. Homer even makes then human-like to the extent that they fall in love with mortals, for instance Calypso.

Divine Wind - Racism Essay -- essays research papers

The Divine Wind describes an Australia that is tarnished by racialism, hatred and distrust, and yet the novel ends on an cheerful note. Do you agree?The novel is set during a World War. The tension and separation of races during a war seemed evident in Australia. As a multicultural country including Japanese and Aborigine population, conflicting attitudes towards these races had to be imminent. I entirely agree with the above statement due to the unequal treatment of the aborigines, tension between the Japanese population and characters such as Hart showing lack of trust over his lover MitsyWith a war against the Japanese was the trigger for racism in Australia. All throughout the novel elements of separation are presented. The Japanese are somewhat divided from white Australians. First of all Broome has a interpret of Aliens, this was a register or list that kept track of foreign people. This implied that foreigners were seen as aliens and that they didnt really belong in Austral ia. The Sennosukes names had to be changed because their authoritative names seemed too foreign to our ears. The Japanese living area is Chinatown shows the reader that perhaps whites have put the Japanese into their own little area. Chinatown contains houses that are farther smaller and in general with little fortunes unlike the white Australians. It is the broad attitude towards the Japanese that creates a war and endlessly kills Alice. Aborigines are treated raggedly and are downgraded in Broo...

Standardized Testing Is Inaccurate For Teacher Evaluation Essay

The United States of the States is ranked 15th in the world for its quality of education. Improvement in our education system is necessary if we take to keep up with the best nations in the world. Over the past ten years, a new push has been made to improve education in America through programs like No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top. States across the country are assessing teachers and schools by using standardized test scores. By using standardized test scores, states link high stakes to the results such as grant money, salary, and jobs as incentive to improve the scores for the following year. In Wisconsin and other states, 50% of these evaluations are based solely on how students score on these tests making the results have a critical impact, affecting not exactly the futures of the students, but also the futures of their teachers. Although it is important to give schools and teachers feedback so that they can better educate students, high-stakes testing should be used mi nimall(a)y for this purpose because of the lack of conclusive results they produce, and the detrimental effects that they can have on students, teachers, and even the whole schooling community.The first problem with evaluating schools and teachers with standardized testing is that the scores are so heavily correlated with factors other than intelligence. Background factors like like their familys socioeconomic status or disabilities that a student may have all affect a students ability on a standardized test. Proponents of the use of standardized testing to evaluate schools and teachers argue that standardized tests are a sporty and objective way of evaluating students because it is a common standard for everyone. The problem in their argument is that not all s... ... Student Test Scores to Evaluate Teachers. frugal Policy Institute Briefing Paper 278. 2010 , Economic Policy Institute, 13 November 2014. http//www.epi.org/publication/bp278/Kohn, Alfie. The Real Threat to American Schools. Tikkun. March/April 2001 25+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 18 Nov 2014.Teachers take up Real Feedback. Perf. Bill Gates. TED. The Sapling Foundation, May 2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. .Strauss, Valerie. Massachusetts Professors Protest High-Stakes Standardized Tests. Washington Post. 22 Feb 2013 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 17 Nov 2014.What the Research Says on Teacher Evaluations. Learn to a greater extent About Teacher Evaluations. New York State United Teachers, Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. .

Essay --

As modern medical research begins to discover the deep-rooted genetic and environmental origins of many chronic diseases and illnesses, researchers comport began to realize the complexness of illnesses that plague mankind. One prevalent disease among humans is Asthma, a chronic lung disease that irritates and tightens the airways, resulting in reocurring periods of coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Asthmas phenotypic range does not follow the relative simplicity of Mendelian genetics, but is rather rooted in multiple genes, such as Interleukin-13 (IL-13), and limited environmental exposures such as air pollution. The IL-13 gene is one of several hundred candidate genes which are segments of DNA believed to contain nucleotide sequences affecting the asthma attack phenotype. The IL-13 gene is mostly expressed in T Helper cell 2 (TH2) as Interleukin-13 cytokines, operating through IL-13R (a heterodimer of IL-4R and IL-13R1) (4, 11, 6). These cytokines rela y messages to other immune cells, warranting a coordinated immune response (6). However, the operation of Interleukin-13 is largely dependent on the presence and expression of Interleukin-4 (IL-4), another cytokine (11). Not only is a dimer of IL-4, IL-4Ra, critical to the receipt of IL-13 cytokines, but IL-14 is crucial in the advancement of T cells in Th2 cells, the main producer of IL-13 cytokines (11). This epistatic dependency of IL-13 on the expression of IL-4 and other genes is another contributor to the complexity of asthma. In addition to various genes affecting the phenotype of asthma, multiple environmental factors like indoor and outdoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, and allergies to pets, molds, common pests (e.g. cockroaches) change gene expr... ...on and a related treatment option (10).The severity of an indivuals asthma is based on many factors, including the prescence and epistatic interactions of the asthma susceptibility genes even if the genes are present, if the complementary miRNA filum is actively synthesized, the genes wont cause asthma. Genetic and miRNA expression can then be altered by environmental exposures through methylation and acetylation. The genetic and environmental contributions discussed here to the expression of asthma are a small fraction of the known factors. Due to the complicated intertwined coitusship of the abundant factors contributing toward asthmatic phenotypes that confound been discovered in approximately the last twenty years, the currently known complexity of asthma could very well be simple in relation to the verity of asthmas genetic and environmental labyrinthe.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- teaching, educational phi

AbstractThe main goal of learning is to prepare individuals to be contributing citizens of our society and to religious service them reach their dead on target potential. Education provides the foundation that enables students to be winning lifelong learners that thrive in society. While schools are the catalyst for the dissemination of education, it is a successful partnership between schools, government family and community that ensures the ultimate success of education. A clear focus on educating all students despite their diverse needs and differentiate instruction are crucial. Teachers serve as facilitators who guide students in the learning process. Students are active participants in their education, who expand their horizons through hands-on learning experiences.The some essential purpose of education is to prepare individuals to become productive, contributing members of society. Education needs to prepare individuals for the demands of the work force and lay the foun dation for them to become engaged, lifelong learners who continuously update their skills to remain competitive in a changing society. The goal of education is to open the world to individuals by providing them with the skills and the motivation to reach their true potential. Education should spark interests, goals and ambitions.Schools are the catalysts for the dissemination of education. It is the role of schools to prepare children to successfully function within society. Schools need to provide opportunities for students to explore their interests and also teach essential skills in all academic content areas. Providing a safe, nurturing learning environment for all learners that encourages creativity and innovation is also fundamental. It is crucial that schoo... ...ressed. The main goal of education is for students to acquire the necessary foundational skills and develop into critical thinkers and analytical problem solvers that make active contributions to our society. Educat ion provides the foundation that enables students to be successful lifelong learners that thrive in society.ReferencesCohen, L. M. (1999). Philosophical Perspectives in Education. Oregon State University. Retrieved from http//oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP3.htmlConstructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. (2004). Thirteen. Retrieved from http//www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/constructivism/explor_sub5.htmlMason, R., Rennie, F. (2008). The e-Learning Handbook Designing Distributed Learning. New York Routledge.Shaffer, D. R. (2008). Social and Personality schooling (5 ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing.

Recruiting and Team Building for Angel Springs Care Essay -- Human Res

Recruiting and squad building for Angel springs careRecruitment and selection is a process that takes place at every plane of an organization and is among matters of utmost importance in human re fount management. It refers to the process of drawing, ascertaining their competencies, and choosing the individual who fits the job. The process is often the first move towards instituting the militant power and the essential precedence for the organisations and considering the current global situation, every recruit should thus be most fitting to enable build an effective team (Nankervis, Compton & Morrissey, 2009, p. 15). Some employers dwell only on qualifications and past experience of the applicants so much that additional initiation and guidance is deemed irrelevant. How the job is to be handled is overlooked part professionalism is overemphasized. However, in health and social care organizations just like in many other organizations, recruitment goes beyond acquainting the raw(a) employee to co-workers, laying down the rudimentary operations and practices of the place of work (Belbin, 2000, p. 5).Recruitment constitutes an organized operation ranging from rooting the prospective suitors to organizing and carrying out the interviews. The process also demands a lot of time alongside a variety of resources. Fundamentally, a recruitment process involves job evaluation, sourcing, screening and selection and orientation. Job analysis involves documenting the existing or expected job requirements (Nankervis, Compton & Morrissey, 2009, p.27). This is encompassed in a job description and gives the limits and aims of the quest. This majorly comprises a combination of duties carried out previously and theres need to update them before to en... ...the productivity of the old and new employees under one environment. Since individuals dont often achieve much in isolation, team work becomes of utmost importance to ensure that the diverging talent of employees is incorpo rated and harmonised towards a good and common cause. Team building strategies ensure that this is possible as strong teams give a fundamental, reliable source of lasting competitive edge for healthcare organizations. Works CitedBelbin, R. M. (2000). Beyond the team. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. Hough, M. (2002). Group work skills and theory. London Hodder Arnold.Nankervis, A., Compton, R. & Morrissey, B. (2009). Effective Recruitment and Selection Practices, 5th ed. Albany, NSW CCH Australia Limited.Pedler M, Burgoyne J and Boydell T. 2007. A Managers guide to self-development. Manhattan, NY McGraw Hill- Education.

Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay

Jane Doe, a 22-year-old patient of with no old medical history, nowadayss to the exigency section with ailment of low congest hurt after stealing on a wet floor at work and falling. The patient states that the name to be perceived is changeless hurting and radiates down twain legs ( sciatica ) . The MRI shows pulled muscular tissues and ligaments environing the L4- L5 country. The exigency doctor provides the undermentioned discharge orders Bed restder with bathroom privileges for two yearss. Apply ice battalion to take down hind finis for 20 proceedingss several times a 24 hours for the starting time 48 hours, and so get downing twenty-four hours three and on, use a heat tablet for 20 proceedingss on and 20 proceedingss off several times per twenty-four hours for the following several yearss as needed to alleviate hurting. Take four hundred milligram of ibuprofen every six hours and 5 milligrams Flexeril ( Flexeril ) t.i.d. After two yearss of bed remainder, sit in cha ir three times per twenty-four hours for no more than 20 proceedingss. Ambulate around place and pace as tole pastured, sting by bit increasing activity. bar distortion, bending, or making for objects. repress raising anything more than 5 lbs of weight for one hebdomad. See physician in one hebdomad for farther rating.Explain the prescript for the governing body of ice for 48 hours followed by the application of heat.Explain the principle for the disposal of the isobutylphenyl propionic acid and musculus relaxer.What atomic number 18 the expected patient results for the patient in this instance scan?Case Study 2John Tuliro, a 32-year-old patient, is admitted to the medical-surgical unit after a gunshot lesion of the right lower leg infected with staphylococci was debrided. The patient is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. The patient s right lower leg is warm to touch and dropsical, and the patient states that the appendage has a changeless pulsating hurting that increases with an y motion of the leg. The patient s sed rate and leucocyte rates ar elevated. The physician orders the followers for the patientAdmit to medical unit with critical marks every four hoursBed remainder go on affected leg on pillows above the degree of the bosomWarm sterile saline soaks for 20 proceedingss t.i.d. with wet-to-dry dressing varietyLevofloxacin ( Levaquin ) 750 milligram IVPB every twenty-four hoursRenal profile, CBC with differential in A.M.Regular diet with high-protein addendum shinglesVitamin C 250 milligram Po b.i.d.Meperidine ( Demerol ) 100 milligram Po every four hoursDocusate Na ( Colace ) 100 milligram b.i.d.The patient asks the nurse why he has to remain in bed. The nurse should supply what principle for this step?What nursing intercessions should the nurse provide the patient?( Individual )DISCUSS INDIVIDUAL AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSISThe followers are the misadventure factors of OsteoporosisGeneticss White or Asiatic, Female, Family History, smallish Frame Predisposes to moo prepare massAge Postmenopause, Advanced Age, let loose testosterone in work forces, decreased calcitonin Hormones ( estrogen, calcitonin, and testosterone ) inhibit bone loss keep Low Calcium Intake, Low Vitamin D Intake, High Phosphate Intake, Inadequate Calories Reduces foods needed for bone remodelingPhysical Exercise Sedentary, Lack of Weight Bearing Exercises, Low Weight and Body Mass Index Boness needs emphasis for bone careLifestyle Choices Caffeine, Alcohol, Smoking, Lack of exposure to Sunlight Reduces osteogenesis in bone remodelingMedicines Cortocosteroids, antiseizure medicines, Lipo-Hepin, thyroid gland endocrine affects calcium soaking up and metamorphosisComorbidity Anorexia Nervosa, Hyperthyroidism, Malabsorption Syndrome. Renal Failure Affects calcium soaking up and metablosimHormonal fluctuations are one of the grounds for sexuality differences when it comes to the development of osteoporosis. In adult females, es trogen has a function in relation to osteoporosis, opus testosterone, estrogen and opposite endocrines in work forces similarly touch to this. Besides, menopausal period in adult females histories for osteoporosis, low endogenous estrogen degrees increases the hazard.Lifestyle factors such as smoke, imbibing intoxicant and sedentary activities, besides increases the hazard for osteoporosis.Nutritional factors that increase the hazard, includes the undermentioned day-to-day consumption that is less than 1000 1500 milligram of Ca and 400 600 International units of Vit. D. Eating high protein diet, imbibing caffeine, Na and P has negative consequence on Ca balance in the organic structure, hence, increasing hazard for osteoporosis.There are certain medicines that can jolt bone remodeling, and increase hazard for secondary osteoporosis.DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES IN MEDICAL MANAGEMENT FOR PRIMARY BONE TUMORS VERSUS METASTATIC BONE DISEASE.Primary bone tumour s end of intervention is to destruct or take the tumour. It is accomplished by surgical exersion, radiation therapy if the tumour is radiosensitive, and chemotherapy. Limb-sparing processs are used to take the tumour and next tissue. alternate of the affected tissue is really of import. This can be done through the undermentioned customized prosthetic device, entire joint arthroplasty or bone tissue from the patient ( autoplasty ) or from cadaver giver ( homograft ) . Surgical remotion of the affected portion may necessitate amputation.To forestall metastasis of malignant bone tumour, chemotherapy is started in the beginning and continued after surgery, to eliminate micromestatic lesions. Alleviative direction is the intervention for metastatic bone malignant neoplastic unhealthiness. Its end is to alleviate hurting and uncomfortableness while advancing quality of life.Structural support and stabilisation is needed to forestall tone down, as the bone weakens. Contraceptive internal arrested development h elps beef up life-sized castanetss with metastatic lesions.DISCUSS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PAGET S DISEASE, AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR EACH.Paget s disease are ab initio symptomless. The castanetss that are normally involved include the vertebrae, pelvic girdle, braincase, sternum and proximal terminals of the long castanetss. Diagnosis of this disease is made by studies of bone hurting or malformation, through X ray or by percept of elevated serum alkaline phosphate degrees found though biochemical testing.The followers are the most common ailments of patients who are enduring from Paget s disease such as hurting. Skeletal malformation, and alteration in skin temperature. Joint disfunction may ensue from harm to gristle and degenerative arthritis. Bone hurting frequently occurs at dark, which is a consequence of increased force per unit area on the periosteum or associated hyperaemia. Other manifestations that can happen include change magnitude mobility and unstea dy pace. Neurological complications can besides happen which is caused by nervus root compaction or nervus entrapment. These constructions are next to pagetic bone closemouthed a nervus hiatuss or canal. Common clinical manifestation of Paget s disease is assorted sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Low back hurting can besides happen because of vertebral organic structure and facet expansions, loss of lumbar hollow-back, dorsal humpback, spinal encroachment and altered pace kineticss.The briefly term aim in handling Paget s disease is to relieve the associated bone hurting, while the long term aim, is to relieve the patterned advance of the disease. The pharmacologic therapy includes calcitonin, plimamycin, and Ga nitrate, and the biphosphonates. The chief end of this therapy is to command the disease activity, normalize biochemical parametric quantities and to better the symptoms.LIST REHABILITATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION STRATEGIES USED FOR PATIENT WITH dispirited BACK P AIN.A comprehensive rehabilitation should include a careful rating for a specific end and interventions based on best grounds are exercising, cognitive behavioural intervention, wellness instruction and others.We should teach the patient to avoid return of the followersStanding, sitting, lying and raising decently are necessary for a healthy backbone.Alternate periods of activity with periods of remainder.Avoid prolonged sitting, standing and driving.Change places and remainder at frequent intervals.Avoid presuming tense, cramped places.Sit in a straight-back chair with the articulatio genuss somewhat higher than the hips. Use footrest if necessary.Flatten the hollow back by sitting with the natess tucked under. Pelvic tilt lessenings hollow-back.Avoid articulatio genus and hip extension. When driving a auto, have the place pushed frontward as necessary for comfort. Put a shock absorber in the little of the rear for support.When standing for any length of clip, rest one pes on a l ittle stool or platform to alleviate lumbar lurdosis.Avoid weariness, which contributes to spasm of back musculuss.Use good organic structure mechanics when lifting and traveling approximately.Daily exercising is of import in the bar of back jobs. deal prescribed back exercisings twice daily strengthens back, leg, and abdominal musculuss.Walking out-of-doorss is recommended.Reduce weight if necessary lessenings strain on back musculuss. appoint COMMON FOOT DISORDERS. line THE SPECIFIC STRUCTURE INVOLVED.Common Foot DisordersPlantar Fascitis it is a plantar heel hurting, which evolves from the bone ( list goad ) or plantar facia.Morton s Neuroma It is the annoyance and retrogression of the digital nervousnesss in the walks that produces a painful mass near the country of metatarsals.Hallux Disorders Valgus, Rigidus, and Sprains Acute hurt to the ligaments and capsule of the MTP articulation. Lateral divergence of the first toe greater than the the normal angle of 15 grades betw een the tarsus and metatarsus This may take to a painful prominence of the medical facet of the MTP articulation. Degenerative status of the first MTP articulation taking to trouble and stiffness.DISCUSS THE INVOLVEMENT OF VITAMIN D IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOMALACIA. IDENTIFY TREATMENT RELATED TO CAUSE.Vitamin D lack is the most common cause of osteomalacia. Essential for Ca and P metamorphosis is Vitamin D, it is the critical elements in mineralization of the bone. The major beginning of Vitamin D is synthesis in the tegument exposed to sunlight. Dietary alteration is needed by eating nutrient rich in Vitamin D, such as fatty fish oils, liver and egg yolks. Vitamin D addendum is besides suggested.Develop A Plan OF CARE FOR AN ASSIGNED PATIENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN.Nursing Intervention for Low Back PainRelieving PainAdvise patient to remain active and avoid bed remainder, in most instances.Keep pillow between flexed articulatio genuss while in side-lying place minimizes strain on dors um musculussApply heat or ice as prescribed.Administer or learn self-administration of hurting medicines and musculus relaxant.Promoting MobilityEncourage ROM of all uninvolved musculus groups.Suggest gradual addition in activities and jumping activities with remainder in semi-fowler s place.Avoid prolonged periods of sitting, standing, or lying down.Promote patient to discourse jobs that may be lending to backache.Promote patient to make order back exercisings. Exercise keeps postural musculuss strong, helps recondition the dorsum and abdominal muscular structure, a and serves as an mercantile establishment for emotional tenseness.Give A TEMPLATE, COMPLETE A DISEASE MAP ON A PATIENT WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.Picture1.pngComplete A THEORETICAL CASE STUDY ON AN ACTUAL CLINICAL PATIENT WITH OSTEOMYELITIS.hypertext transfer protocol //www.scribd.com/doc/44830270/Osteomyelitis-Case-Study( Web Assignments )USING THE INTERNET, RESEARCH LITERATURE ADDRESSING MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS. IDENTIFY NEW MEDICATIONS ON THE Market TO TREAT THIS DISEASE.Linksshypertext transfer protocol //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC493281/hypertext transfer protocol //www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/news/20100602/fda-approves-prolia-for-high-risk-osteoporosisAs the basic aim of forestalling the advancement of osteoporosis to a patient is to minimise bone break, direction of osteoporosis is discussed in this article through many ways changing on the patient s degree of break hazard. Prevention in a non medical therapy was described as throttleing good nutrition, healthy life style and autumn bar. Exercise and the assistance of vitamin D addendums can really assist in forestalling or decreasing the hazard of osteoporosis.Medical intervention on the other manus comes in many signifiers as it is to be administered based on the guidelines for get downing pharmacologic therapy. Medicines for osteoporosis direction are classified in to two, the antiresorptive agents and anabolic agents, b oth of which moving as agents to cut down break hazard.In the following article, a freshly approved intervention was released and approved for the direction of osteoporosis. Prolia is a biological, lab-induced intervention that is said to hold the ability to demobilize the organic structure bone s breakdown mechanism. It was approved under specified types of interventions though. It can merely be administered to patients of station menopausal phase and has a high hazard of bone break caused by osteoporosis. Or to patients who already had osteoporosis interventions but had failed. Or in conclusion, to patients who ca nt digest other osteoporosis interventions. What this intervention does is to decelerate down the procedure of bone dislocation, doing the patient less susceptible to cram break. In malice of the advantages of the said intervention though, side personal effects to this intervention besides has its downsides. Most common of which is the patients experiencing back, musculu s, and bone strivings. It is through this ground that patients with low degrees of Ca were besides prevented to utilize this sort of interventionFind A REASEARCH ARTICLE comparability PRIMARY BONE TUMORS TO METASTATIC BONE TUMORS. SUMMARIZE IN TERMS OF MANAGEMENT.hypertext transfer protocol //www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec04/ch044/ch044d.htmlPrimary & A metastatic bone tumours basically differ from its beginning. As primary tumour are defined as tumours which have started from the bone itself, metastatic tumours, besides known as secondary tumours are defined as tumours which have originated from another parts of the organic structure that had resulted to or affected the bone every bit good.As primary bone tumours are toughened the same as with other tumours found in the other parts of the organic structure. Patients besides undergo radiation and chemotherapy every bit good as surgery. For painful vertebral break, Kyphoplasty or vertebraplasty are besides considered as opt ions to relieve hurting. Metastatic bone tumours on the other are treated the same as with primary bone tumours though since it has its beginning from a different country, intervention are to be considered depending on how it will impact the adept organic structure of the patient or all of which that is with tumour ( chest, lung, prostate, etc. )

Climate Change Caused by Human

Examine the role of one human activity in causing climate change With the rapid development of coetaneous society, the balance between human and the nature has been destroyed. The increase of globally averaged temperature on the earths surface has occurred over the past century. Thus, climate problems have been the initial international issue to be handled. Industrial production is one of human activities causing climate change. Firstly, this essay ordain analyze how blow dioxide and small degree centigrade particles lead to climate change.Secondly, this essay will present the cooling effect of Feron on global temperature. Finally, this essay will discuss how deforestation in expanding industrial land changes climate. The combustion of fossil fuels is inevitable in industrial production, because it provides extreme high temperature and continuous heat. It is the direct contributor to climate changes by emitting large amounts of nursery gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, su lfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide has increased since industrial revolution.In the past ten years, the situation has deteriorated, as the increase in the concentration has become far quicker than previous predictions (Adam, 2007). The majority of carbon dioxide emission results from fossil fuels. Due to the increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, more(prenominal) sun energy is preoccupied and trapped in the atmosphere, enhancing greenhouse effect (NDPI, 2008). Not only greenhouse gases but also carbon particles, consisting of heavy crumb which is produced by burning fossil fuels, are responsible for climate change.These particles gather in clouds, increasing the density of the atmosphere, which causes sun heat radiation be absorbed and trapped inside the earth without cosmos released. With less heat reflecting back to the space, negative impacts on earths warming are amplifyed. Consequently, burning fossil fuels in industrial production is a major cause of climate change. Freon, used as refrigerant in some industrial equipment, is another greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.This gas will corrode ozone layer, which helps to prevent ultraviolet rays from reaching the Earth, by several chemical actions whereas the gas itself plays the role of catalyst, which means it will not reduce when decomposing ozone. If the earth is exposed to excessive ultraviolet rays, humans will suffer from skin diseases and the ecological surround will be under(a) a dangerous condition. The news said that both Antarctic and Arctic sky had holes and the holes were expanding. It is a warning that requires effective measurements to reduce the release of Freon.Contrary to general perspective, the depletion of ozone has a net effect on cooling the Earths surface instead of warming it (Hamgurg, 1997). However, this greenhouse gas is still responsible for climate change. In frame to enlarge factories, people require more flat land, leading to deforestation, which is another cause of climate change in industrial production. Thousands of forests are being cut down every year, posing a serious problem that destroying the balance between carbon and oxygen to the nature.If the area of forests continue to reduce, extra carbon dioxide cannot be absorbed and not enough oxygen can be produced, which means that the nature will lose the capability of adjusting the composition of atmosphere. Without the proper share of oxygen in the atmosphere, various plants will be unable to survive, resulting in the increasingly severe destruction of the carbon and oxygen balance. Eventually, this negative cycle in the nature enhances climate change. In conclusion, industrial development plays a vital role in climate change.The emission of Feron erodes ozone layers, which cools the temperature the combustion of fossil fuels in order to gain extreme high temperature and provide continuous heat, as well as deforestation whic h creates more space for factories, increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is a significant cause of the warmer climate. Reference Adam, D. (2007) Carbon output rising faster than forest, say study. The Guardian online. Available at http//www. guardian. co. k/environment/2007/oct/23/climatechange. canbonemission (Access 17 January 2011) Hamburg, S. R. et al. (1997) What Human Activities Contribute to Climat Change? Washington DC United Environment Programme-World Meteorological Organization. Available from http//www. gcrio. org/ipcc/qa/06. html (Accessed 17 January 2011 ) NSW Department of capital Industries (2008), What is climate change? Available fromhttp//www. dpi. nsw. gov. au/research/topics/climate-change/cause (Accessed 17 January 2011)

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay

Demonstrative communicating consists of accepting and s finishing messages that can be silent this can help give attention for the start of verbal communication even though a non verbal communication can disseminate the message all by itself. An poser of this would be facial expressions, which can be used to express most non verbal communications. According to Nayab body delivery along with facial expressions represent 55% of all communication. With exemplifying communication it can highlight the verbal communication for instance appropriately dressed, a pure firm handshake and conducting oneself in a professional manner while on employment interviews.A nonher example would be when two people bring for the first time demonstrative communication can either show that the other soul is either favourable or unpleasant by middling saying the word hello. The facial expression of a smile can demonstrate whether the psyche is in good spirits and have a friendly personality. A good way to figure this out without the verbal communication would be the smile and other gestures through the nonverbal communication of the other person. An example of this would be a two people doing business together and when they meet for the first time and twain business men smile at each(prenominal) other. This would be a nonverbal communication. The way that a persons personality is shown is through their nonverbal communication.Demonstrative communication can go both ways in being effective and negative. There be many different facts that play into the nonverbal communication, like the clothes that people wear, their tattoos and possibly their hairstyles. Although these types of communications are nonverbal it does make some people a little uneasy about how they handle their business with someone with this type of communication. It does not publication what the tattoo is of. It can be misunderstood by the person that is viewing the symbol and the person with the tattoo will be labeled as a thug or someone that you should not do business with. That is why body language and facialexpressions can be very important when it comes to demonstrative communication.An example of body language that can be misunderstood would be when two people are talking and one person has their arms folded crossways their chest. This can be perceived as the person not listening or being considered overprotective of themselves and will not take criticism lightly. The person with the folded arms could just be cold or it is a learned gesture from their parents and that is how they listen. This is why many people would agree that demonstrative communication should not only have the nonverbal exactly also the verbal to go along with it so that people do not have any misunderstandings and the come out can be handled properly.According to Sutton, a person cannot fully deliver the anecdote of the day to anyone lacking words, except if the person can mime the wide tale (Sutton, 2011 ). Even if the person is able to mime they cannot express the entire issue perfectly. There has to be some degree of distance. This type of communication cannot ever be expressed perfectly. An example of this would be that a person cannot convey the nonverbal communication over the phone and the person on the other end only has the verbal part of the communication and might take something the wrong way because they are not able to see the nonverbal part of the communication and that is where misunderstandings come in.Just like all other types of communication demonstrative communication requires listening and responding. It has been said time and time again that people run into more knowledge from someones actions more than their words. There are times when a person needs to listen not only with their ears but also with their eyes. An example of this would be when a in the raw learner has to get up in face of the class and introduce themselves, at first the new student may roll their eyes like so many do because they already know that it is hard enough to start school as the new kid but to have to stand up in front of everyone makes things even more intense.So the other kids have seen the new student roll their eyes but they also have to listen to what is being said because the action was just an annoyance for having to stand up in front of everyone. It is important to remember to listen as well as taking in the scene of what is going on around them. Both the verbal and nonverbal communication will create the listening and response aspect of thecommunication.In todays world all around us there are people unknowingly utilize demonstrative communication. Just by smiling at their neighbor or waving at someone they are using demonstrative communication. Even though this communication can be misinterpreted or misunderstood it is still wise to try and listen to see if there is anything that the person is also saying.ReferencesReferencesCheesebro, T., OConnor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper SaddleRiver, NJ Prentice Hall. Nayab, N. (2010, July 26).Different types of communication. Retrieved from http//www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/79297.aspxSutton, N. (2011, March 26). Pros and cons of nonverbal communication.

Gwen Harwood Essay

To what extent does your response to Father and Child inform your judgement of this poem and Harwoods poetry as a whole? (In your canvas refer to at least one other poem) For a true appreciation of the sanctity of life and for true spiritual maturation, an individual must take in and come to terms with the frail mortality of military personnel life. Harwoods poetry uses truly harrowing language to convey how her own personal experiences and relationships have direct her to an en liltingened state of being, with continual use of religious metaphor and allusion to convey her ameliorateed spirituality.One of her poems that shows this is, At Mornington, is a reflection of her life, from her early nestlinghood experiences at the beach, to her stupefy middle-aged self, by the graves of her parents. Another that examines this is Father and Child, which is in two separate sections, the first depicting her initial confrontation with death as a child and the second conveying her accepta nce of mortality when she is forced to part ways with her dying father. Life is a fleeting and impermanent state that must be treated with an almost religious sanctity in preserving and protecting it.In Father and Child, Harwood uses the innocent and protected narrative voice of a child to convey the distressing emotions she experiences while watching the pain and suffering of a barn owl, and her shock when witnessing the true nature of death. This is shown in the fall out accumulation of graphic, unwholesome imagery of the owl as this obscene bundle of stuff that dropped, and dribbled finished loose straw, tangling in bowels. This confrontation leads her into a self-discovery of her own brutality (in the metaphor look mirror my cruelty) and the need to preserve life.It also develops her mental and spiritual maturation while coming to terms with the transience of life. Experiences and relationships can also lick ones appreciation of life and understanding of the nature of death . This is shown in part two of the poem, Night Fall, when, through and through a mature narrative voice, Harwood explores how, through loss, we can accept the morbid nature of death and truly appreciate life, as evidenced in the last two lines of accumulation as the cashier mourns the loss of her father, grown to learn what sorrows, in the end, no ords, no tears can mend. This ultimately furthers her ability to realise the value in appreciating the sanctity of life and accepting the inevitability of death. An acceptance of the transient nature of life is an essential part in achieving an enriched state of being and acknowledging the limits of human existence. The second poem, At Mornington, juxtaposes the innocence of youth in her first stanza with the mature and understanding of her present self, throughout the rest of the poem, to signify the changing perspectives induced by experience and age.The recurring water motif in caught by a wave among rattling shells on what flood are t hey borne fugitive as light in a sea-wet shell is symbolic of the various stages of her life and the conflicting nature of emotion, conveying the impermanent and fragile nature of life as she comes to an understanding of its sanctity. Upon reflection, an individual whitethorn also find an acceptance of death in an understanding of the transient nature of life, through reminiscing old memories and appreciating the varied yet cyclical nature of life.This is shown through the consideration of past sentiments in the last stanza, using symbolism, metaphor and an accepting tone in the peace of this day will shine like light on the face of the waters that bear me away for ever. Harwood is able to convey this meaning through her poetry so that a responder may be able to reflect upon their own experiences and come to a better understanding and acceptance of life, giving one the opportunity to further their own experiences and enrich their own lives with these wisdoms.It also leads an indivi dual into a self-discovery of their own personal truths in terms of an appreciation of the life they live. For it is only through an acceptance of the frailty of human life and the inevitability of death that an individual can reach true spiritual maturation and fully appreciate life.

Art History: Abstract Art vs. Pop Art Essay

There have been different stratagem diversitys that have come and g iodine over the cross of period. Some of the most intriguing prowess forms in my mind come from the 20th century. Out of all of these 20th century art forms, geometric twinge art and pop art are my favorite. These 2 art movements came close to each other in reference to time period. Geometric abstract art originated in the 7th century but became a dominant movement in 1937. Pop art emerged in the 1950s. These 2 art forms were similar in ways but they had different moods of distilion. We will take a closer look at each whiz of these forms of art. Geometric abstraction form uses lines, squares, triangles and circles multi-colored with primary or secondary colors or are sculpted in steel or aluminum. As mentioned, the focus of geometric abstraction began in New York after the outbreak of World fight II where the tradition was continued by the Ameri merchant ship Abstract Artists group formed in 1937.The Wa r had a great impact on the economy that was struggling to recover. War is always something that has effects on families and friends that have the daily threat of losing loved ones to injuries or even death. Being that art is a mighty way to express one self, geometric abstraction became popular throughout this time in history. The economic recovery after the war was positive and geometric abstract art had a strong impact on the society at that time. This art form has continued and is still seen various places in todays society. One of the most famous geometric abstract srtists was Kazimir Malevich. Malevich is famous for his painting The Black Spuare. He was known for expressing himself in a spiritual way through his work. Music was one of his main ways to express himself but geometric abstraction was Malevichs way of expressing pure feeling.This pure feeling is expressed in his work, The Black Square. This square was simply represented many things. It represented feeling, God, a void, and an icon. It is amazing how one great artist can use a simple square that represented so many things. This form of art has passed down to our generation what it core to express yourself through art. The Pop Art period came immediately after the Geometric abstraction period. This form of art originated in Britain way back in the mid 1950s. Sometime from the late 1950s, through the 1960s it made its way into America and flourished throughout the 1970s. This art was known as fun art because of the ace of humor portrayed in the art. This art period marked the end of modernism and was at the beginning of the postmodern era.With respect to pop art, an artist would deal required material fro, its source, isolate the entities that it is composed of and combine them with others extracted in a similar manner for consideration (pop art). The social conditions that may have contributed to this style include the need by the artists to cut out identities and niches, due to the academi c orientation that was taking shape (pop art). The term pop art began with artist Lawrence Aalloway. Lawrence was and English art critic that used this term to break away from the dominance of abstract art. The main point of pop art as a whole was to shoot art back into the daily bread and butter of Americans.One of the most famous Pop Art artist is Andy Warhol. Andy was one of the first artist to use repeat for allowing an iconic image to lose all value (pop art). Andys most famous works of art is the Campbells dope up cans. This started in 1962. Campbells soup can labels are very popular even in todays society. We see them on a regular basis in everyday life. Because it is so common, it has had a huge impact on advertisement for the Campbells soup company. Pop art began to be a great form of advertisement for many companies. This is one of the biggest impacts that pop art has on todays society and art world. Little did Andy Warhol know, but his design would still be dominant an d popular in 2012.These two art forms can be compared by looking at what the artist were trying to convey. Artists from both forms use their art to express some soft of emotion. They do this by utilise vibrant and neon colors. There are too the same in that they are both paintings. The main thing that these two art periods have in common is the fact that they occurred around the World War II days. The main difference is that pop art depicts things as contradictory to abstract art that has no subject. For example, abstract art uses big canvases and applies paint rapidly for expression as opposed to pop art which brings things of everyday life into art. It does this by using comics, television, and magazines. Pop artist found abstract expressionism to pretentious and intense. Abstract art is mainly based on emotion due to the nuisance of World War II and the conditions of the times. Pop art brought an era of excitement and enthusiasm through the tough times.It did this through fu n forms of logos and advertisement. Pop art relates to abstract art by the idea of emotion being expressed through art, as well as they are both painting eras. For example, the two works of art mentioned earlier, The Black Square and the Campbells Soup logo are not drawings or sketching, but rather paintings. These two art forms can be compared by looking at what the artist were trying to convey. Artists from both forms use their art to express some kind of emotion. They do this by using vibrant and neon colors. Abstract artist would pick up paint brushes and began to throw out some designs in form of expression. Pop artists would attempt to express a fun and entertaining vibe through their work. They can similarly be compared with the fact that they both are paintings and come from the same overall time period.Pop art had a major impact on the art world. Pop art impacted music as pop music began in the 1950s and 60s. Pop art was used in the designs for the music covers of music ar tists such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles. Movie stars such as Marilyn Monroe were also conveyed through pop art. Famous pop artist Andy Warhol developed the concept of silkscreen printing which is used for mass production. Pop art was one of the biggest eras that renovated the art world by giving people and avenue for advertisement that is still used today such as the Campbells soup can labels. It was also an avenue for comic books and fashion. All of these things are still found in todays art world.

Forms of Disciplining a Child

Child punish is an issue which has raised a herd of concern in the recent past. Differentiating minor theme and child ill-treat is becoming more difficult with different sectors and individuals differing in this area. However, despite the different views which spend a penny been put forward regarding children discipline, instituting discipline in children is vital since it help in developing a sense of self control, rate and as well accountability. While the way of instituting discipline are varied, no single method is effective in itself.Also, different children require different approaches of instituting discipline and as such stirs should seek the stovepipe method which suits their kids. However, while instituting discipline in kids is vital, it whitethorn also lead to devastating effects on the entire life of the children and therefore parents should be on the lookout of the methods they use in ensuring that their kids are make grow. Excessive use of force whi le disciplining kids may result to child sophisticate and this should be avoided. IntroductionChild discipline refers to the art of systematically giving instructions to the children to help them relate well with their friends and family, behave in a more agreeable manner and granting a child freedom of skill from his or her mistakes by the consequences of his or her decisions. Child discipline involves helping a child develop self discipline, a sense of accountability and also respect towards other people. Discipline should be separated from task performance. By the fact that a child can perform his or her tasks well should non be taken to mean that he or she is disciplined.Discipline has more to do with the behavior a child exhibits in certain situations rather than the ability to perform tasks. heat debates have been rising as to whether instituting discipline is a form of child abuse and whether parents have the authority to discipline their kids as they may deem suitable or necessary. While discipline is necessary for all children, it should be lay downd in a manner that is beneficial to the children. Parents have no explicit authority to discipline their children utilise excessive force or crude disciplinary measures (Lenton, 1990).The research paper will evaluate the importance of spanking and privileges removal as forms of disciplinary measures. Child discipline As noted earlier, discipline involves helping and guiding the children to develop and exercise self control. However, most people are opposed to the paper that discipline is the key development factor of responsible somebodys in the future. Some of the children with good disciplinary backgrounds do not live to the standards they are taught in their archean stages. Despite this argument, setting limits for the children and correcting any misbehavior is vital in developing a responsible person even in the future.Most of the grown ups today designate their discipline to the stringent m easures which were taken on them when they were young. As such, child discipline is vital in ensuring that children grow to be responsible persons in their adult life. Moreover, vices and virtues are learnt and failing to discipline a child would lead to vices being liftd in them. Discipline helps in development of healthy practices and virtues in the future. Instituting discipline is also very vital since it helps learn to develop health relationships with his or her family and friends.How to deal with different temperaments is an aspect which is learnt and is thus not inborn. Accepting other peoples ideas and way of performing tasks requires deliberate effort which children lack and if not guided, they tend to be disrespectful. Children also believe that they must always have their ideas accepted and followed always. To eradicate such mentality, removing somewhat privileges when a child does not do as expected is vital. Discipline is thus vital in ensuring thus such significan t values are learnt and adhered to.Training a child to be disciplined thus helps him or her to learn how to deal with different varietys of personalities and situations. Most of the undisciplined adults in the society are as a result of lack of disciplinary measures while they were children (Telep, 1999). Discipline involves encouraging children by instructing and guiding them to appreciate themselves and influencing the way they regard themselves. maturation a persons self esteem is essential in ensuring and enhancing the productivity and in determining successfulness of an individual. The future of the children is based on the kind of guidance they receive from their parents.Discipline unlike the highly held believe is does not always negative. It can be instituted in a manner to enhance important characteristics. Commenting around a positive behavior about a child within his or her presence is one way of enhancing a behavior. When children are not disciplined well, they face challenges of self esteem as their behavior is often challenged by the society thus lowering their self esteem. Such individuals have problems while dealings with other people and tend to be insecure about their capabilities as well as those of other people.Positive discipline is thus essential in improving the self esteem of a child and thus should be instituted. However, such credit should not be exaggerated to reduce the effects of overconfidence which may arise (Utay & Utay, 2005). The question of whether child discipline is a form of child abuse has been raising many debates of late. While most people agree that disciplining children is not a form of child abuse, some strongly feel that it is child abuse. Whether discipline is child abuse or not depends on the circumstance surround a certain case and the mode of disciplining a child is subjected to by his parents or guardians.Moderate disciplinary actions may not amount to child abuse barely extreme physical and psychologica l abuse may amount to child abuse. brisk has been on the spot with most people arguing that this amount to a form of child abuse. However, it has its own advantages in instituting discipline (Gootman, n. d). Child abuse occurs when the force exerted when disciplining a child becomes too untold. This is however ambiguous as how much force may amount to abuse depends on an individuals view.Discipline is however different from child abuse in that while discipline is meant to enhance positive behavior, child abuse leads to bodily harm and mental torture. In todays world, most parents have branded discipline as abuse and that is why most of the children are arrested and are serving in the juvenile jails. Spanking for example has received negative publicity and even children are suing their parents for abuse. Spanking has been one of the most effective disciplinary measures in the past and has helped shape most of the lives of prominent persons.Children fear to be spanked and thus any b ehavior which may lead to such disciplinary acts are avoided. Spanking only becomes abuse when it is done in a manner deemed to be harmful to the childs health and mental state or capability. However, the child should be made to understand the reason behind the punishment prior to its administration. A parent cannot select to have been disciplining his or her child by injuring him or her. Despite the thin line between abuse and discipline, effective discipline does not amount to child abuse.Disciplining children should not be viewed as punishing them or ab utilize them unless the effects of such actions are detrimental to the health and future development of a child. Discipline should be instituted on all children to help correct bad behaviors and to help shape their character (Telep, 1999). Discipline as mentioned above may amount to abuse if not carefully handled. However, parents can ensure discipline in their children without actually abusing them. One way to ensure that discip line does not amount to abuse is by using first setting limits for the children on what they can and what they cannot do.Disciplinary measures to be taken should be enlisted thus ensuring the child understands the consequences of his or her behavior. Disciplinary measures which do not amount to abuse include acts like denying the child some rights after doing something wrong. A child may be denied a chance to go and play with other children if he or she does not do his homework. This is a form of disciplinary measure which does not raise issues of abuse (Lenton, 1990). Discipline may also be instituted using more positive means like encouraging a child to behave in a particular manner by rewarding or appreciating him or her.Discipline unlike many parents believes should not always constitute the negative side. Discipline may also be attained through fortifyment of some good behavior. Also by discussing issues with the children may also help institute a sense of responsibility in t hem. Issuing orders and scolding to children passes the message that children are unable to think for themselves and this may lead to low self esteem. Instead, parents should encourage dialogue (Keep Kids Healthy, 2001). Despite the arguments that parents should not discipline their children as they may deem fit, this may apply is some instances.Parents know their children better than anybody else and so they understand the different temperaments exhibited by these children. Different children require different forms of disciplinary action and thus the parent is the best person to decide what form of action is best for his children. Also children respect more what they are told by their parents and any deterrent act to reinforce discipline is bound to be taken seriously by the children. Most of the adults today remember tough measure being taken by their parents to institute discipline which helped in shaping their future lives.Though measures taken by parents may at times seem hars h, they bear better fruits in the future and thus parents should have autonomy while instituting discipline on their children (Lenton, 1990). Conclusion Discipline is vital for any child as it helps raise a responsible person in the future and should be instituted by the parents. The question of discipline raises a lot of controversy regarding what constitutes sufficient disciplinary measures and what may amount to child abuse. Parents also face problems in deciding the best way to ensure discipline in their children without affecting their development or mental stability.While spanking was an effective method in the past, it is being ruled out especially by psychological experts arguing that it is not effective in ensuring discipline. More non-physical methods of instituting a sense of responsibility are being advocated today with dialogue and appreciation being highly preferred. However, one method may not be appropriate for all children. A parent should combine different methods and evaluate which one works for his children. Scolding, use of abusive language and physical torture should not be used for ensuring discipline as they affects the ego and self esteem of the children in the long run.ReferenceGootman, M. E. (n. d) How to Teach Your Children Discipline. Retrieved on 19th February 2009 from,http//www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content/discipline.3.19.html.Lenton, R. L. (1990) Techniques of Child Discipline and Abuse by Parents. journal article of Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 27Telep, V. (1999) Discipline for Young Children. Retrieved on 19th February 2009 from,http//www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/family/350-110/350-110.html.Utay, J. & Utay, C. (2005) Improving Social Skills A Training Presentation to Parents. Journal article of Education, Vol. 126

American Education vs Asian Education Essay

In the past 20 senile ages the United States school day system has been roll uping a spot of unfavorable judgment. Surveies have shown that the United States has been flirtation exponentially compargond to about all the industrialised states. This specifically refers to Asian states that argon statistically blowing the U. S. out of the H2O. In his article New Math-Science Study Rates U. S. Students Mediorce At Best William S. Robinson decusses study consequences after learners from around the reality have taken a scientific discipline and math trial. The study consequences in the cosmopolitan takings of math show us that the U. S. 8th graders have fallen behind. while the 12th class spot showed merely little betterment. We would potentially olfactory perception at these commandment systems as extremes of each other. Each charge system being on the different side of the spectrum. Both systems holding mistakes and advantages. Taking the positive facets from some(prenominal) sides and unifying them together. a harmonious instruction system could be established.In the article Strengths. Weaknesses. and Lessons of Nipponese cultivation James Fallows tells us that in an Asiatic schoolroom pupils allow experience an unbelievable sum of obligate per unit of measurement field of view get downing from grade school and up. while U. S. instructors are excessively afeard(predicate) to raise the saloon because of possible disheartenment of the pupil ( 201 ) . In Japan. University admittances as opposed to classs earned in university. determines what sort of calling you can hold in Japan. Nipponese pupils will pass most of their garb analyzing in cram schools. unlike American pupils who spend most of their clip socialising. A negative of the Asiatic school system. is the accordance that must(prenominal) be upheld. This achieves better instruction because it becomes the thing to do .When everybody is on the aforementioned(prenominal) run-in of study the re is no other plump but to follow the herd. eon conformance creates better math pupils. it demises the facet of creativity and individualism. The U. S. places a lots bigger accent on creativeness and pick. Therefore supplying pupils with chances that help them larn about them egos. and develop original thoughts. An of import feature that the U. S. instruction system deficiencies. is the thought of attempt being straight correlated to success. In her article Why are U. S. Kids Poor In Math Barbara Vobejda says that the American and Asiatic female parents have a diffrent position on what determines their childs success in school.An American female parent thinks that her childs schoolman accomplishment comes from unconditioned ability. while an Asiatic female parent thinks that her kids academic accomplishment comes from operose name and attempt. An Asiatic female parent would demand her child spends hours after school making prep and analyzing. An American female parent would merely state that her kid is non good in their topic. Vobeja says that a survey has shown that Asiatic pupils spend more clip in their seats than American pupils do. American pupils were out of their seats 21 per centum of clip. compared to Chinese and Nipponese pupils who were out of their seats 2 per centum of the clip.Though the American pupil may cerebrate that they work hard. we find that the Asiatic pupil is at a much greater degree of impression per unit area. As we saw in the old transition. serious military strength per unit area is point on the Asiatic pupil. In farther scrutiny of the article Japans School arrangement . a protagonist of the catalytic force per unit area subject. we find many contrasts to the U. S. positions of seting force per unit area on pupils. Nipponese pupils attend school six yearss a hebdomad. The school twelvemonth consists of 220 yearss compared to the clxxx yearss in the U. S. A 3rd grade Nipponese school hebdomad consists of eight hours of Nipponese. five of arithmetic. trey of scientific discipline. societal surveies and physical instruction. two hours of music and art. For an U. S. pupil this might look like ophidian pit.Yet the lone ground this might look like to much force per unit area. is because we are judging their system with an ethnocentric point of position. Nipponese pupils think its rather All right. Worlds are a really propelling and expert species. We ever look at things from our conditioned point of position. Therefore. if force per unit area is increased on the U. S. pupils. the lone 1s who would hold any ailments are current pupils. Bing dynamic and expert. they excessively would be able to carry through the new demands asked of them. The eastern thoughts of force per unit area could be used as a accelerator for consequences in the U. S.While every bit much as we are in demand of more force per unit area on the pupils. we must retain the originative single factor at all costs. We are non machin es that have indistinguishable downloaded encephalons. In the article We Should Cherish our Childrens Freedom To Think . Kie Ho provides a critical inquiry. He asks. If American instruction is so tragically inferior. wherefore is it that this is still the state of invention? Looking back at the regular Nipponese school hebdomad. we find that non much attending is brought to music or art. Creativity signifiers individualism. look of thoughts. and self-fulfillment. This could destroy all the conformance and control of thoughts in the Asiatic pupil.Our Asiatic friends could neer hold that go on now could they. Ho provides an illustration of an U. S. pupil taking a function of Lyndon Johnson and debating a pupil in the function of Ho Chi Minh. An Asiatic pupil would neer be given a opportunity to look at things from a different point of position. In all their mathematical nimbus they have missed the indispensable human demand to show individualism. Most likely that is done with purpo se. While many Americans yell and scream about their childrens math abilities. they have overlooked the fact why most immigrants come here. This fact is freedom. Which would non be possible without all the originative mercantile establishments provided by our school system.In unifying these two cardinal thoughts of both of the instruction systems. many new positive make are felt by the pupils. An addition of force per unit area to actuate and speed up instruction. The development of thoughts and originative mercantile establishments. which lead to self-discovery and formation of original and advanced thoughts which. fuel our state. This guarantees freedom and a head to utilize it. Americans complain about the nucleus topic of instruction. That will alter with a harder course of study and more accent being placed on attempt. We will besides go on supplying our pupils with individualism. Asiatic instruction can besides see positive effects from the development of pick and travel off from conformance. The pupils who do can non or will non take part in the difficult course of study will now hold a pick to develop their originative side. These alterations will be difficult to do. U. S. pupils seting to a faster harder instruction. Asians might get down to free control of the multitudes. In the terminal it will be good for both.

Health Care Communication Methods Essay

As the Communication Coordinator for this well k straight offn drug manufacturer, we depart now debate and discus how we will get selective instruction to the earth about the cast out cause that our medications ar causing the public. Our goal, as a vital asset to the public and medical fraternity, is to convey wholly concerns to our community in a very sensitive and careful way. Using the power of newspapers, intercommunicate, internet, complaisant networking and news relate companies.The local news has already reported that a well-known public figure has been complete which goes against the wellness portability and accountability act. So as chat coordinator it is important to communicate this issue carefully, addressing the proper population, without losing business and the assurance we created with our investors and consumers. Today in our meeting, we will discuss very important aspects of our friendships medical concerns and decision making which dialogue tactic is most suitable for this situation, while sticking to the very important and necessary HIPPAA guidelines.We will start by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional media, to get the news out to a signifi backsidet add up of the population. Recent reports of negative effects ca apply by one of the companys medications need to be addressed. word reports direct alleged that one of the individuals is a well-known public figure. Traditional media can include magazines, newspapers, radio and television. There are some great advantages on why these media outlets would be great in grasp our audience regarding this health scare.Two great methods are newspaper and magazines they can help because we can be precise and explicit when discussing our issue. Additionally, these methods will provide use with a permanent indicate of the manufacturer onset to reach the public (Advantages and disadvantages of written communication, 2012). Two other good methods are televis ion and radio. These methods are proficient because they are cost effective. It allows the communication coordinator to reach the audience directly, while showing attentiveness, emotion and oncern about the negative effects cause by our medication.All these tactics seem like they will work tho in that location are disadvantages with sticking to traditional media outlets instead of using social media or electronic sites. Some master(prenominal) concerns the coordinator will have with using traditional media is that it can only reach a limited get along of people and the company is restricted to a small scope of listerners and readers. According to the democracyal center for fosterage statistcs the U. S. reads between the 8th and 9th grade reading levels. (NCES, 2003).The lack of education and the advancement of technology will minimise the effectiveness of radio, magazines and newspapers. The communication coordinator will continue talking about the different methods of commu nication. By discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using electronic media, to get information to the public without breaking any HIPAA laws. Some advantages of electronic communication, is that the media tends to be very fast, cost-effective and convenient. Electronic communication will let the coordinator combine numerous media text graphics sound and mental picture in a single message.This will also give the coordinator the chance to set up a website to give good credible information directly targeted to the population that is effected by the medication, with less chances of hinder with the laws set in place by the HIPPA act. This form of media can result in far more(prenominal) meaningful communication tailored to the population effected by the national drug manufacturer medication. more and more doctors are communicating with other practitioners, hospitals, clinics and tolerants via portable devices. However these attributes contains disadvantages.The technology th at modifys health care providers and the rest of the nation to keep in touch can also invade privacy. The main disadvantages of using electronic communication, is security. Computers can be hacked, and affected with computer virus. Communication electronically in this particular scenario can also institute it difficult, for all affected to understand the message the same. The speed at which the messages are transmitted, often, changes the structure of the message which at times, can be misinterpreted.False or Phantom sites are also a concern. Some foes of this company or medical manufacturing companies may release false or exaggerated negative reports. This could cause the public to lose trust in our efforts to give valuable information and hinder patients to trust products. Electronic communication will lack the human touch. Now we will talk about the disadvantages and advantages of social media facebook, twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn are social networking platforms that are set up and created by web developers.Public internet and social networks can enable communication, collaboration and information collection and sharing. The advantages of using social media are because, About one-third of Americans who go online to explore their health currently use social networks to find fellow patients and discuss their condition (Elkin, 2008). As communication coordinator a social network can be used to reach out and receive feedback from the population, and flirt awareness about the drug.Social network is where individuals have control on releasing their private information about the drug and the consumer will not be breaking any HIPAA laws. The disadvantages of using social media, is that all information may not always be credible. This method of communicating can also uncivil up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch virus attacks. Social networks increases risk of people fall prey to online scams. The hugest risk using social media such as f acebook, YouTube or twitter, Is the inability to control the conversation.The effected population may say a lot of negative things about the company true or not that can damage its reputation. Improper descriptions or discussions of a patients case on social media could violate a patients privacy, even if no names are used and no harm is intended. As communication coordinator for the national drug manufacturer, in conclusion, all methods of communication have their advantages however the disadvantages outweigh the smartest of the decisions. Majority of the methods will affect the HIPAA law by releasing to much information about personal health.Traditional media, electronic communication and social media sites can be all used in moderation to reach out to the effected population. Traditional media such as newspaper and magazines should be very brief in the information it voices. This method will be used to have record of the company showing some sort of concern about news reporting n egative effects of the drug. As the coordinator I feel the best form of communication will be provider and patients direct contact. It may be difficult to reach each individual affected however it will be the safest.

My Role Model-Suhas Gopinath Essay

Bangalore boy who launched his own firm at the young age of 14 years. Gopinath (born November 4, 1986) is the CEO and co-founder of Global Inc. -an up- coming IT social club that produces Web targets and software, employs 400 tribe around the world and become a national icon. The Limca Book of Records the Indian version of the Guniess Book of Records lists him as the worlds Youngest CEO. Suhas Gopinath started a software company at the age 14 and since become single of the most remarkable success stories of the Indian IT boom.Now hes 22 and runs a frontmost business with 400 employees. In two hundred5, an investing firm from Houston, Texas offered him $100 million for majority stake in Global. He refused, after several months of discussions, admittedly. The reason for his negative response Why should I consider my baby? The transformation During the mid-1990s, the first Internet cafes began opening up in Bangalore, with one release into routine next door to Gopinaths hous e. My brother Shreyas took me there. I was fascinated. The Internet changed my life, he says. He spent any spare minute online.He learned himself how to build Web sites. He spent every rupee he had in the internet cafe, says his mother. Gopinath admits, I had been a inviolable student up until then. After I discovered the internet, I was an average student. Before finding cyberspace, he had dreams of becoming a veterinarian. His first examine In 1998, when he was 13, Gopinath launched his first website www. coolhindustan. com. I wanted to provide Indians all over the world with a forum to post public events, tips for eating out and everything else theyre interested in, he recalls.The Web site became popular including with hackers in Pakistan. They attacked cool Hindustan and replaced the Web sites logo with Cool Pakistan. That was a repellent experience, Suhas says today. He abandoned the project. By then, talent scouts in Silicon Valley had already heard of Suhas Gopinath and the company Network Solutions invited the young Indian to its headquarters in San Jose, California. It was the first time he had ever boarded a plane and the first time he had been Outside Indias borders. They offered me a job.They also would have remunerative for my education in the United States, he says. His answer, though, was no, why should I do for another company what I could do for my own? About his company L to R -Suhas Gopinath, former president Abdul Kalam. Gopinath wasnt going to wait four years. He cheated Along with three friends, he registered his company in San Jose. Online, of course, he says. He wanted to name the company Global Solutions, scarce that name was already taken. He opted for Global. Today, he salve regrets that he wasnt able to start his company in Bangalore.Indias most important politicians know the young man. He was even granted a private conversation with President Abdul Kalam. I told him that the age limit for starting a company has to be remov ed, Gopinath says. Kalam promised him support, but so far zero point has changed. The law wasnt the only obstacle, though. Potential customers cancelled their orders when they learned their business partner was barely 14. many a(prenominal) people didnt take him seriously he remembers. As soon as he began spud facial air, he grew moustache, though he has, on the advice of friends, since shaved it off. Ultimately, Gopinath managed to overcome every obstacle. World stepwise spread about his companys abilities and Gopinath hired more and more people and opened up more offices. He became the boss, employer and chief executive all in mid puberty. Most of his employees are solely young The average age is 21 with the oldest being a ripe old 26 and the youngest 12. Gopinath is futile to give the latter a full time job that would amount to child labor.But we gave him a computer with internet connection, Gopinath says, Now he works for us aroundtimes on Web design. 200 Customers the World Over Gopinaths company is into web-based and software solutions, mobile and e-commerce solutions besides making web sites for corporates, advertisers and educational institutions. Meanwhile Global has amassed 200 customers across the globe and now has offices in 11 countries with some 65 percentage of company turn over coming from Europe. The young Indians have become particularly good at identifying unfilled market niches.They developed a software product for schools, for example, allowing a teacher to intimately enter grades and attendance and enabling parents to check that their children are showing up to class a gracious of electronics class register. The Indian government was thrilled with the idea and recently contracted Global to set up the program in 1,000 schools. Now that he is 21, Gopinath is thinking of transferring the company headquarters to India even though some 125 people now work for Global in San Jose against only 25 in Bangalore. What would be happen t o the employees in the United States?WeII see, Gopinath says. The new developments are coming mainly from Bangalore. Going to university on the side L to R M. R. Gopinath-Suhas father, Shri. M V Rajashekaran-Minister, Suhas Gopinath, Kala Gopinath-Suhas mother) Gopinaths father, M. R Gopinath, once a scientist at the Defense Ministry, now acknowledges that his son made the right choices during the last seven years. They are proud parents, but they still havent let him go. To us, its important that he gets a degree, the father says. knowledge is the most important thing in India.

Import Substitution vs. Export Promotion

here and without delay switch vs. Export Promotion Econ 240 Term Paper host (19) Members Amjad Hussain (13020031) Awais Javed (13020529) Fahd Mukaddam (13020407) Haider Shah (13020528) Hassan Jamil (13020023) Muhammad Bilal Ayub (13020413) Words (using page 2) 371*7 = 2597 IS vs. EP 2 How do the strategies of universe-wide consider affect stimulateth? why at cartridge holders countries adopted different strategies of international mete out? How does Import Substitution Industrialization enumerate against Export Promotion as a cope dodge?How does the existential evidence help us understand this? tidy sum strategies atomic number 18 classified into two broad strategies, outward-looking development policies and inward-looking development policies. Outward-looking development policies pull ahead give up trade and free movement of the factors of output signal. While inward-oriented development policies gain greater self-reliance and dependant trade. Within these two br oad approaches lies the debate amid Import Substitution ( encourageionism) and Export Promotion (free trade).Import substitute (IS) is a well tested way to industrialisation which has been followed by most of the currently developed and alter countries. Alexander Hamiltons Report on Manufactures (1791) argued in favor of tariffs to protect Ameri throw out manufacturers from inexpensive effects from Britain. In the mid 19th century, Germany, Russia and Japan also charged testimonialism to develop their home(prenominal) industries. After the great slack of 1930s, LDCs particularly Latin American and round Asian economies started practicing ISI and in 1960s IS became a dominant dodge for development.However in the next decade, when industries protected through significance substitution failed to achieve targeted productive and altogetherocative efficiencies, countries switched to merchandise offsetion strategies. Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore were among t he first to adopt the export promotion strategy. Later, Chile, Thai primer coat and Turkey also conjugated in. Over the years, the stance of countries has shifted from protectionism to free trade and globalization. So we exit begin our paper by analyzing the arguments in favor and against ISI policies.Then we will discuss the benefits and drawbacks faced by the countries that switched to the export promotion strategy. The paper also explains the reasons for this transition. Finally, it concludes by giving empirical evidence of the real world regarding the effects of these strategies. It has always been in the vested interest of the economies to protect democracys large and strategic securities industrys from foreign competition so that the local industry not only becomes self sufficient tho also is in a position to induce industrialization led economic reaping.In order to accomplish such goals, trends get shown (as menti nonp arild above) countries summationd dependence on Import IS vs. EP 3 substitution policies. Government plays a vital role in the implementation of these policies by deluxe tariffs and quotas or altering the reciprocation rate and interest rate, using macroeconomic policies, to shield its local industries from the matched foreign producers. Simultaneously, the foreign direct investments (FDIs) are judge to fill the gaps in technology and technical skills between the domestic and foreign industry.The introduction of IS policy can be attributed to the Infant Industry Argument (Import Substitution In General Equilibrium can be used to demonstrate that how the IS works in babe industry) 1, which favors the protection of domestic industry from international competition. The aim is to remove distortions between the out-dated locally produced goods and the industrialized steep quality imports of similar products. Policies which governments adopt includes introduction of tariffs 2 reject cheaper import and at the equal sequence enc ouraging production of the equivalent goods domestically.Mostly consumer goods are produced under this strategy which ensures that the acres is capable of meeting its rudimentary necessities. Moreover, these types of goods require considerably less advanced technology, making the policy easier to adopt. Aristotle has said What we have to claim to do, we learn by doing import protection is the better(p) way to initiate this tuition process because the economy is now producing goods that it previously imported a process of development and learning by doing sets up. The economy can thence move towards high efficiency.This eventually improves the balance of payments as fewer consumer goods are now imported. It is essential that the learning process is followed by accumulation of large(p). This requires the manipulation in Interest rates so as to encourage savings, and these savings can then be invested back in the protected industry. There are some macroeconomic gains associate d with this policy, including reduced unemployment and increased tax revenue for the government increased local production is expected to generate job opportunities and at the comparable time, tariff on imports become a source of income for the government. enchant Appendix 1. 4. 1 & 1. 4. 2 See Appendix 1. 2 2 IS vs. EP 4 However, the IS policies have been criticized by economists for various reasons. According to them, the protection provided to the industries makes the industries inefficient because the firms start to assert on the provision of subsidies. They have no incentive to cut down costs to achieve minimum efficient shield of production and to increase productivity. Bhagwati in Import substitution a survey of policy issues said that, such sheltered monopoly positions in import substituting industries are the prime cause of low productivity.Also, the government protection to infant industries is for a limited time period, in which most industries that lurk behind the wall of tariffs never grow up. In import substitution, main focus is on the consumer goods, and therefore the prospects of economic growth are relatively short-lived. For countries to achieve long term economic growth, structural shifts are required towards the production of capital-intensive goods.However concord to Jaleel Ahmad, the protection requires normally zero or low tariff on import of capital goods, hence discouraging development of forward linkages manufacturing of the capital goods by local industries. Also for Import Substitution to be successful, according to Hirschman, forward and backward linkages unavoidableness to be well-developed for the industries. This shows that for a country to have a manufacturing sector free from international dependence, it will need to develop pull iner(a) industries in consumer durables, non-durables, intermediate and capital goods.Another argument against ISI strategies is that it leads to the turn of Balance Of Payments (BOP) du e to the overvaluation of sub rate, create the prices of exports to rise but at the same time lowering the prices of imports. As a consequence, producers of exportable goods become less competitive in world market, causing a negative impact on the BOP. Keeping in mind the undesirable impacts of IS policies, economists felt the need to revise the trade strategies. mickle theorists therefore attempted to elucidate as to why nations engage in international trade, what combination of goods and services they trade, and how firms and consumers gain or lose from trade. It was observed that numerous international trade models rely primarily on the theory of proportional Advantage (Appendix 1. 1), which describes trade patterns under assumptions of static conditions that hold the factors of production in fixed supply (Perkins). Theory of comparative advantage principally asserts that every country irrespective of its size can benefit from trade. Trade driven through exports of goods in which the country has aIS vs. EP 5 comparative advantage, benefits the country the most. Therefore an export promotion trade strategy involving goods that require raw material, that are luxuriant in supply, will allow a country to grow more rapidly as utter by the Hecksher-Ohlin model. Proponents of EP mainly argue that free trade utilizes previously unused resources such as land and labor, creates a vent for surplus of unused resources and allows a country to operate on its Production misfortune Frontier (PPF). In contrast, before the opening up of the economy, the market is constrained to the domestic consumers only.Once a country engages in free trade it acquires the opportunity to earn a global market share, thus earning higher revenues. As the market of local industries expands, inquire for labor increases which raises the employment level in the country. This increase in exports stimulates domestic investment (an injection in the circular flow of the income of the country) which gives a multiplied effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the economy. Furthermore, the enhanced exports will lead to a greater demand of domestic property in the exchange market leading to currencys appreciation (given the floating exchange rate mechanism).According to the Marshall Lerner condition, which states that the sum of price IS vs. EP 6 gingersnap of demand of exports and imports is lesser than 1 in short ferment, a currency appreciation will lead to an increase in the Balance Of Trade (BOT). 3 This relationship of BOT and time is shown through J-curve. An additional argument presented by the trade optimists states that the foreign exchange earned by selling different goods and services will relax the constraints of availability of financial capital or in other words, will fill the foreign exchange gap.This also helps in relieving the nip on foreign exchange reserves built by the import of flagitious machinery and capital goods. A further extension of ex port promotion policy is the process of export development. It involves innovation (of new export products) and pe dischargeration into new markets. Learning process is instituted and hence increased productivity is observed. This initiates a process of counterchange of technology and foreign investment from developed countries, helping the industry to become efficient and gain the economies of scale through mass production lowering costs and increasing profits.The increased profits of the industry embolden higher savings and as the Harrod-Domar Model suggests, an increase in savings will lead to an increase in the growth rate of the economy. The Export promotion strategy is not free of chidings as one might expect. The leading criticism of opponents of export promotion strategy is the sluggish growth in the demand of the primary goods. As developing country relies mainly on the export of primary goods, the sluggish growth enhances the volatility in the earnings of the economy. The Prebisch Singer Hypothesis explains this phenomenon in terms of income elasticity and price elasticity of demand.The thesis postulates that the price elasticity and income elasticity of primary goods are both inelastic i. e. less than 1. As the national income of the developed countries increases, the demand for the primary goods does not increase proportionately. This is also stated by Engels Law. A decrease in the prices of the exports will not lead the quantity traded to increase by the same percentage, thus resulting in fall of the exports revenue. This fall in exports revenue leads to a deterioration of Terms of Trade (TOT) of the country.Other factors that explain the slow growth in primary goods exports include the development of synthetic substitutes and protectionist measures taken 3 See Appendix 1. 3 IS vs. EP 7 by the developed countries. The population growth of developed countries organism at replacement level translates into a stagnant demand for primary exports. E mpirical evidence shows that heavy reliance on the export of the primary product may rattling result in a phenomenon known as the Dutch disease a country rich in natural resources actually suffers from slower growth as a result of that rich endowment.This is one of the often repeated facts of chronicle when criticizing the strategy of export promotion. It was mentioned earlier that an appreciation in a countrys currency will lead to an increase in BOT, but this will only remain true for the short run. In long run the sum of elasticity of demands of exports and imports becomes greater than 1 which consequently causes a fall in the net exports. Therefore the aforementioned argument is valid in the short-run only as in long-run it balances out its own effect on BOT 4 as shown below with the aid of diagram.In addition to the criticism mentioned earlier, Export Promotion strategy may lead to higher budget deficit. It is a usual practice of the governments to subsidize the exporting in dustries. These subsidies will be financed either by an increase in taxes or by reducing the expenditure on public and merit goods such as health, education, infrastructure, national defense and other social services. Due to this practice, the development side of the country is often sidelined or overlooked.Example of China can be the best evidence for our claims about Export Promotion here. China was a closed economy until the 1970s. Nicholas R. Lardy in his article, Trade liberalization and 4 See Appendix 1. 3 IS vs. EP 8 its role in Chinese economic growth, states that around 1970s, Chinas export goods had no comparative advantage and at the same time, high level of control on imports was also imposed. Hence quoting from the article, Chinas share of world trade dropped markedly, from 1. 5 percent in 1953 to only 0. 6 percent in 1977.However, during the 1980s the process of trade liberalization began and by the time china entered WTO in 2001, her structure of trade policy was com pletely changed. China fully realized the significance of the comparative advantage principle and concentrated on export of goods that were labor intensive in production, as the article states that Chinas fastest growing exports have been labor-intensive manufacturers textiles, apparel, footwear, and toys. Between 1980 and 1998, export of these items rose more than ten-folds, from $4. 3 billion to $53. 5 billion.Due to the trade liberalization, China experienced high rates of economic growth. Empirical evidence strongly suggests that pragmatism and eclectic method rules over any other single purpose approaches to trade. Thinking just in terms of an all out import substitution or an export promotion strategy can pose as an impediment to ones clear understanding of the relationship between these strategies and growth. In future it would be better to avoid labels and to construct strategies from the components of either of these trade policies that seemed to have worked.Import substitu tion with its divorce of production decisions from market conditions seems to have lost its modern day relevance. In contrast, export promotion with its orientation towards world markets appears to be in line with the new phenomenon that is globalization. No single optimal prescription in terms of trade policy can be devised for the countries at large due to the dynamism of international trade. No strategy can be concluded as the best strategy for a country but what can be said is its relevance to a country at a charge in time.Although empirical evidence shows that export promotion has helped countries like China to grow rapidly and improve its trade positions but we can also find other countries which developed after adopting import substitution policies like Latin American countries. This suggests that country have to adopt a trade strategy which is most compatible for their country at that time so that they can achieve maximum gains from trade. IS vs. EP 9 Appendix 1. 1 Comparat ive Advantage Theory The concept of comparative advantage, attributed to David Ricardo, refers to the ability of a country to produce at a lower opportunity cost.It is the ability to produce the most efficient product as compared to other countries. It is best explained by a two-good, two country framework where countries differ in particular factor productivity or factor endowments. This theory explains that it is welfare enhancing for both countries to specialize in one good and import the other. The conclusion drawn from this theory is that each country gain by specializing in the good where it has comparative advantage and trading that good for other. 1. 2 Trade protectionism and TariffsGovernment impose trade restrictions in form of tariff in which it collects tax on goods imported by the people, thus discouraging the people to import goods and encouraging the local industries to produce good quality substitute goods. Introduction of tariff increases the world price, which redu ces the heart and soul of imports and increases the amount of locally consumed products. IS vs. EP 10 1. 3 Inverted J-curve for revaluation of currency The inverted J-curve refers to the trend of a countrys trade balance following a revaluation or appreciation of the currency.A revalued currency means that exports are more expensive for the foreign countries, but as in the short run demand for the more expensive exports remain price inelastic so the quantity demanded for exports remains same although foreigners are paying higher prices. This leads to the improvement of balance of trade. Over the long term, as the foreign consumers are able to switch to the other goods, the quantity demanded for exports becomes price elastic so reduction in the export volume and hence export revenues.This leads to the deterioration of balance of trade and the gains in the short run are off-set by the losses in the long run. In case of devaluation of currency, there are opposite affects. IS vs. EP 11 1. 4 Infant Industry Argument(ISI in general equilibrium) IS vs. EP 12 From diagram 1. 4. 1 it can be seen that before the imposition of tariff the country was producing at point A while consuming C amount of goods under world terms of trade (favorable to its export).But after the imposition of tariff, production moves towards point B where more of the importable and less of exportable goods are being produced. Assuming that this does not affect the world prices, trade will take place at same TOT. So the new consumption is indicated by point E along the line BD (parallel to line representing world TOT). Initially, by practicing ISI polices, both consumers and trade welfare has locomote due to lower consumption and fewer imports and exports (BE